OMENWAVE modelled vulnerability-chaining pathways

CVE-2018-12998

A reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine Netflow Analyzer before build 123137, Network Configuration Manager before build 123128, OpManager before build 123148, OpUtils before build 123161, and Firewall Analyzer before build 123147 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the parameter 'operation' to /servlet/com.adventnet.me.opmanager.servlet.FailOverHelperServlet.

6.1
CVSS Medium
99.3%
EPSS p100
no
In CISA KEV

Data as of 2 Nov 2026 · NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS

Why chaining, at machine speed

Defenders still triage vulnerabilities one CVE at a time, while increasingly automated attackers combine them at machine speed. Omenwave models the plausible pathways by which this CVE could be chained with others — surfacing them for research and awareness, with evidence for each step.

Modelled capability profile
Kill-chain stage
CRED_ACCESS
Requires
NONE access, NETWORK vector, user interaction
Grants
NONE access
Capabilities
credential accessinformation disclosuredata tampering
Model confidence
high · CVSS 3.1
Top plausible next hops
CVE-2019-1003030CRED_ACCESS → PRIV_ESCmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses credential material, which can satisfy the destination's authentication requirement.

A sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in Jenkins Pipeline: Groovy Plugin 2.63 and earlier in pom.xml, src/main/java/org/jenkinsci/plugins/workflow/cp…

CVE-2025-49704CRED_ACCESS → EXECUTIONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses credential material, which can satisfy the destination's authentication requirement.

Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CVE-2022-41040CRED_ACCESS → EXECUTIONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses credential material, which can satisfy the destination's authentication requirement.

Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CVE-2020-0688CRED_ACCESS → EXECUTIONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses credential material, which can satisfy the destination's authentication requirement.

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Exchange software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Micros…

CVE-2021-34527CRED_ACCESS → EXECUTIONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses credential material, which can satisfy the destination's authentication requirement.

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations. An attacker who s…

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Modelled plausible chaining potential derived from public CVE metadata (CVSS, CWE, CPE). Not a confirmed real-world exploit chain and contains no exploitation detail. For research and awareness only.

Methodology · Interactive explorer · JSON: /cve/CVE-2018-12998