OMENWAVE modelled vulnerability-chaining pathways

CVE-2019-11478

Jonathan Looney discovered that the TCP retransmission queue implementation in tcp_fragment in the Linux kernel could be fragmented when handling certain TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) sequences. A remote attacker could use this to cause a denial of service. This has been fixed in stable kernel releases 4.4.182, 4.9.182, 4.14.127, 4.19.52, 5.1.11, and is fixed in commit f070ef2ac66716357066b683fb0baf55f8191a2e.

7.5
CVSS High
94.7%
EPSS p100
no
In CISA KEV

Data as of 2 Nov 2026 · NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS

Why chaining, at machine speed

Defenders still triage vulnerabilities one CVE at a time, while increasingly automated attackers combine them at machine speed. Omenwave models the plausible pathways by which this CVE could be chained with others — surfacing them for research and awareness, with evidence for each step.

Modelled capability profile
Kill-chain stage
IMPACT
Requires
NONE access, NETWORK vector
Grants
NONE access (terminal impact)
Capabilities
denial of service
Model confidence
high · CVSS 3.0
Top plausible next hops

No plausible forward hops are modelled from this CVE in the current corpus (it may be a terminal impact, or an independent entry point rather than a continuation).

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Modelled plausible chaining potential derived from public CVE metadata (CVSS, CWE, CPE). Not a confirmed real-world exploit chain and contains no exploitation detail. For research and awareness only.

Methodology · Interactive explorer · JSON: /cve/CVE-2019-11478