OMENWAVE modelled vulnerability-chaining pathways

CVE-2023-46604

The Java OpenWire protocol marshaller is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker with network access to either a Java-based OpenWire broker or client to run arbitrary shell commands by manipulating serialized class types in the OpenWire protocol to cause either the client or the broker (respectively) to instantiate any class on the classpath. Users are recommended to upgrade both brokers and clients to version 5.15.16, 5.16.7, 5.17.6, or 5.18.3 which fixes this issue.

9.8
CVSS Critical
100.0%
EPSS p100
YES
In CISA KEV
YES
Ransomware-linked

Data as of 2 Nov 2026 · NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS

Why chaining, at machine speed

Defenders still triage vulnerabilities one CVE at a time, while increasingly automated attackers combine them at machine speed. Omenwave models the plausible pathways by which this CVE could be chained with others — surfacing them for research and awareness, with evidence for each step.

Modelled capability profile
Kill-chain stage
INITIAL_ACCESS
Requires
NONE access, NETWORK vector
Grants
USER access
Capabilities
code execution
Model confidence
high · CVSS 3.1
Top plausible next hops
CVE-2025-49113INITIAL_ACCESS → EXECUTIONhigh plausibility · KEV

The access level the source grants already meets or exceeds the access level the destination requires — the position carries over.

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is n…

CVE-2026-34197INITIAL_ACCESS → EXECUTIONhigh plausibility · KEV

The access level the source grants already meets or exceeds the access level the destination requires — the position carries over.

Improper Input Validation, Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ. Apache…

CVE-2016-3714INITIAL_ACCESS → EXECUTIONhigh plausibility · KEV

The source lands the attacker on the host (code execution or an established foothold), which satisfies the destination's requirement for local access.

The (1) EPHEMERAL, (2) HTTPS, (3) MVG, (4) MSL, (5) TEXT, (6) SHOW, (7) WIN, and (8) PLT coders in ImageMagick before 6.9.3-10 and 7.x before 7.0.1-1…

CVE-2021-22204INITIAL_ACCESS → EXECUTIONhigh plausibility · KEV

The source lands the attacker on the host (code execution or an established foothold), which satisfies the destination's requirement for local access.

Improper neutralization of user data in the DjVu file format in ExifTool versions 7.44 and up allows arbitrary code execution when parsing the malici…

CVE-2021-3156INITIAL_ACCESS → EXECUTIONhigh plausibility · KEV

The source lands the attacker on the host (code execution or an established foothold), which satisfies the destination's requirement for local access.

Sudo before 1.9.5p2 contains an off-by-one error that can result in a heap-based buffer overflow, which allows privilege escalation to root via "sudo…

Open in the interactive explorer →
Embed this snapshot

Paste this into a blog post or report — it renders a compact, exploit-free chain snapshot.

Modelled plausible chaining potential derived from public CVE metadata (CVSS, CWE, CPE). Not a confirmed real-world exploit chain and contains no exploitation detail. For research and awareness only.

Methodology · Interactive explorer · JSON: /cve/CVE-2023-46604