OMENWAVE modelled vulnerability-chaining pathways

CVE-2025-24991

Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

5.5
CVSS Medium
2.0%
EPSS p81
YES
In CISA KEV

Data as of 2 Nov 2026 · NVD, CISA KEV, EPSS

Why chaining, at machine speed

Defenders still triage vulnerabilities one CVE at a time, while increasingly automated attackers combine them at machine speed. Omenwave models the plausible pathways by which this CVE could be chained with others — surfacing them for research and awareness, with evidence for each step.

Modelled capability profile
Kill-chain stage
RECON
Requires
NONE access, LOCAL vector, user interaction
Grants
NONE access
Capabilities
information disclosure
Model confidence
high · CVSS 3.1
Top plausible next hops
CVE-2022-26923RECON → EXECUTIONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses information that may contain usable credentials, which could satisfy the destination's authentication requirement (lower confidence).

Active Directory Domain Services Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CVE-2025-33073RECON → EXECUTIONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses information that may contain usable credentials, which could satisfy the destination's authentication requirement (lower confidence).

Improper access control in Windows SMB allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

CVE-2014-3120RECON → RECONmedium plausibility · KEV

The source discloses information that may contain usable credentials, which could satisfy the destination's authentication requirement (lower confidence).

The default configuration in Elasticsearch before 1.2 enables dynamic scripting, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary MVEL expressions…

CVE-2021-34527RECON → EXECUTIONlow plausibility · KEV

The source discloses information that may contain usable credentials, which could satisfy the destination's authentication requirement (lower confidence).

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations. An attacker who s…

CVE-2017-0144RECON → EXECUTIONlow plausibility · KEV

The source discloses information that may contain usable credentials, which could satisfy the destination's authentication requirement (lower confidence).

The SMBv1 server in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2; Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1; Windows 7 SP1; Windows 8.1; Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2; Win…

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Modelled plausible chaining potential derived from public CVE metadata (CVSS, CWE, CPE). Not a confirmed real-world exploit chain and contains no exploitation detail. For research and awareness only.

Methodology · Interactive explorer · JSON: /cve/CVE-2025-24991