{"cve_id":"CVE-2008-1447","published":"2008-07-08T23:41:00+00:00","last_modified":"2026-06-16T22:51:45.080000+00:00","vuln_status":"Modified","description":"The DNS protocol, as implemented in (1) BIND 8 and 9 before 9.5.0-P1, 9.4.2-P1, and 9.3.5-P1; (2) Microsoft DNS in Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2 and SP3, and Server 2003 SP1 and SP2; and other implementations allow remote attackers to spoof DNS traffic via a birthday attack that uses in-bailiwick referrals to conduct cache poisoning against recursive resolvers, related to insufficient randomness of DNS transaction IDs and source ports, aka \"DNS Insufficient Socket Entropy Vulnerability\" or \"the Kaminsky bug.\"","cvss_version":"3.1","cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","base_score":6.8,"base_severity":"MEDIUM","attack_vector":"NETWORK","privileges_req":"NONE","user_interaction":"NONE","scope":"CHANGED","impact_c":"NONE","impact_i":"HIGH","impact_a":"NONE","cwe_ids":["CWE-331"],"in_kev":false,"kev_date_added":null,"kev_ransomware":false,"epss_score":0.95182,"epss_percentile":0.99864,"cap_rule_version":"0.1.1","stage":"PRIV_ESC","req_access":"NONE","req_vector":"NETWORK","req_user_interaction":false,"grant_access":"PRIV","caps":["PRIV_GAIN","TAMPER"],"terminal":false,"cap_confidence":"high","ingested_at":"2026-09-18T07:46:27.479268+00:00","first_seen":"2008-07-08T23:41:00+00:00","kev_first_seen":null,"novelty_score":0.0,"novelty_reasons":[],"novelty_at":null,"vendors":["canonical","cisco","debian","isc","microsoft","redhat"],"products":["bind","debian_linux","enterprise_linux","ios","ubuntu_linux","windows_2000","windows_server_2003","windows_xp"],"affected":[{"vendor":"isc","product":"bind","ranges":["9.2.9","4","8"]}]}