{"cve_id":"CVE-2016-3081","published":"2016-04-26T14:59:02.207000+00:00","last_modified":"2026-10-09T14:43:05.703000+00:00","vuln_status":"Analyzed","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","cvss_version":"3.1","cvss_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","base_score":8.1,"base_severity":"HIGH","attack_vector":"NETWORK","privileges_req":"NONE","user_interaction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","impact_c":"HIGH","impact_i":"HIGH","impact_a":"HIGH","cwe_ids":["CWE-77"],"in_kev":true,"kev_date_added":"2026-10-08","kev_ransomware":false,"epss_score":0.96525,"epss_percentile":0.99882,"cap_rule_version":"0.1.1","stage":"INITIAL_ACCESS","req_access":"NONE","req_vector":"NETWORK","req_user_interaction":false,"grant_access":"USER","caps":["CODE_EXEC"],"terminal":false,"cap_confidence":"high","ingested_at":"2026-10-10T03:15:44.797892+00:00","first_seen":"2016-04-26T14:59:02.207000+00:00","kev_first_seen":"2026-10-09T03:18:30.714610+00:00","novelty_score":0.0,"novelty_reasons":[],"novelty_at":"2026-10-12T03:21:32.593352+00:00","vendors":["apache","huawei","oracle"],"products":["agile_controller-campus","agile_controller-campus_firmware","anyoffice","firehunter6000","firehunter6000_firmware","flexcube_private_banking","logcenter","micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention","oceanstor_18500_v3","oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware","oceanstor_18500f","oceanstor_18500f_firmware","oceanstor_18800_v3","oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware","oceanstor_18800f","oceanstor_18800f_firmware","oceanstor_5300_v3","oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware","oceanstor_5500_v3","oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware","oceanstor_5600_v3","oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware","oceanstor_5800_v3","oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware","oceanstor_6800_v3","oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware","oceanstor_9000","oceanstor_9000_firmware","oceanstor_n8500","oceanstor_n8500_firmware","oceanstor_onebox","oceanstor_onebox_firmware","siebel_e-billing","struts"],"affected":[{"vendor":"apache","product":"struts","ranges":["≥ 2.3.25 and < 2.3.28.1","≥ 2.3.21 and < 2.3.24.3","≥ 2.3.20 and < 2.3.20.3"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"agile_controller-campus_firmware","ranges":["v100r002c00"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"anyoffice","ranges":["v200r006c00","v200r005c00"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"firehunter6000_firmware","ranges":["v100r001c20"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"logcenter","ranges":["v100r001c20","v100r001c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r003c10","v300r001","v300r002","v300r003c00"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_18500f_firmware","ranges":["v300r001","v300r002","v300r003c00","v300r003c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r003c10","v300r003c00","v300r002","v300r001"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_18800f_firmware","ranges":["v300r001","v300r002","v300r003c00","v300r003c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r003c00","v300r001","v300r002","v300r003c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r002","v300r003c00","v300r001","v300r003c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r001","v300r002","v300r003c00","v300r003c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r001","v300r002","v300r003c00","v300r003c10"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware","ranges":["v300r002","v300r001","v300r003c10","v300r003c00"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_9000_firmware","ranges":["v100r001c01","v100r001c30","v300r005c00"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_n8500_firmware","ranges":["v200r001c91spc205","v200r001c09spc505","v200r001c91spc900","v200r001c91spc901"]},{"vendor":"huawei","product":"oceanstor_onebox_firmware","ranges":["v100r003c10"]},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"flexcube_private_banking","ranges":["2.0.0.0","2.0.1","2.2.0","12.0.1","12.0.3","12.1.0"]},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention","ranges":["10.0.1","10.5.0","10.6.0","10.7.0","10.8.0","10.8.1"]},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"siebel_e-billing","ranges":["7.1"]}]}